| Issue |
ITM Web Conf.
Volume 76, 2025
Harnessing Innovation for Sustainability in Computing and Engineering Solutions (ICSICE-2025)
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | 03007 | |
| Number of page(s) | 9 | |
| Section | IoT & Edge Computing | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20257603007 | |
| Published online | 25 March 2025 | |
Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks a Comprehensive Survey and Future Directions
1 Professor, Department of ECE, SIMATS Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
2 Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering (AIML), CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India
4 Associate Professor, Department of EEE, Sona college of technology, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
5 Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
6 Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, New Prince Shri Bhavani College of Engineering and Technology Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
sureshvekumar@gmail.com
deepapriya@bitsathy.ac.in
sabithav507@gmail.com
karthik@sonatech.ac.in
szrashidcce@yahoo.com
kavitha@newprinceshribhavani.com
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play a crucial role in modern communication systems, enabling real-time data collection and transmission in various applications, including environmental monitoring, healthcare, and smart cities. However, energy efficiency remains a significant challenge due to the limited power resources of sensor nodes. While numerous studies have explored energy-efficient routing protocols, they often rely on theoretical models and simulations, neglecting real-world deployment constraints. This research presents a comprehensive survey and future directions for energy-efficient routing in WSNs, addressing key limitations found in existing studies. Unlike previous works, this study integrates real-time implementation, security-aware routing mechanisms, AI-driven optimization techniques, and cross-layer energy management strategies to enhance efficiency and scalability. Furthermore, it evaluates the adaptability of routing protocols in dynamic, large-scale, and mobile WSN environments, ensuring fault tolerance and sustainability. By incorporating emerging technologies such as 5G, IoT, and blockchain-based solutions, this study provides a future-proof, practical framework for next-generation WSNs. The findings and recommendations in this research contribute to the development of robust, energy-efficient, and intelligent WSN routing protocols for diverse real-world applications.
Key words: Wireless Sensor Networks / Energy-Efficient Routing / AI-Driven Optimization / Real-Time Implementation / Security-Aware Routing / Cross-Layer Optimization / Scalability / Fault-Tolerant Mechanisms / IoT Integration / Blockchain in WSN / Sustainable Computing / Dynamic WSNs / Mobile Sensor Networks / Green Computing / Energy Harvesting / Clustering-Based Routing / Future-Proof WSNs / Hybrid Routing Protocols / Smart Cities / Adaptive Routing
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2025
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.