Smart walking Cane for Visually Impaired Individuals using STM32H563ZI and Time-of-Flight Sensors with Haptic Feedback (Sense Stride)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SDM Institute of Technology, Ujire, India

^* Corresponding author: megharsh2003@gmail.com

Abstract

The Sense Stride project presents a smart walking cane designed to enhance mobility for visually impaired individuals by overcoming the limitations of traditional white canes. The device integrates VL53L0X time-of-flight (ToF) sensors, a passive infrared (PIR) sensor, and haptic feedback motors, all controlled by an STM32H563ZI microcontroller. Experimental evaluation with participants demonstrated a 95% obstacle detection accuracy and 94% rear motion detection accuracy across varied environments. The system delivered a mean response time of 50 milliseconds from obstacle detection to haptic feedback, ensuring real-time responsiveness. Field tests confirmed effective navigation assistance, with users reporting enhanced spatial awareness and reduced collisions. Directional haptic feedback corresponding to sensor position provided intuitive guidance, while ergonomic design ensured comfort during prolonged use. Compared to conventional mobility aids, Sense Stride offers superior detection coverage and faster response without compromising usability. Its low-cost, standalone architecture makes it accessible for broader deployment. These results validate the system’s practical impact and suggest significant potential for improving independent mobility and safety in visually impaired populations. Future improvements will focus on integrating auditory cues, optimizing power efficiency, and enhancing robustness in diverse environmental conditions.