Exploring the System Dynamics of COVID-19 and Reconfiguration of Emergency Medical Services

¹ Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102, Lebanon
² Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102, Lebanon
³ Higher Institute for Public Health, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1104, Lebanon
⁴ Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102, Lebanon

^* Corresponding author: muhammad.ali@lau.edu

Abstract

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are essential to the medical healthcare landscape. EMS play a crucial role in maximizing the overall expected survival probability of patients with various health emergencies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, peoples’ lifestyle changed and their decisions to seek medical assistance were mixed with fear. This affected the type and number of missions that EMS responded to worldwide. Furthermore, COVID-19 affected EMS systems in terms of response protocols and personal protective equipment levels. These changes influenced the EMS’ provision of these essential services – fluctuations in demand impacted capacity decisions, the need for PPE altered response times, and lockdowns influenced roadway dynamics. This research focuses on describing and analyzing the performance of a major EMS provider in Lebanon in terms of response time to emergency missions during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous years and to the context of EMS in other countries. Results show that the number of calls and number of missions dropped yet, the emergency response time was found to be higher than previous years. The change in response time is most strongly tied to capacity allocation and PPE protocols. This study is an initial step toward exploring EMS system dynamics, with the goal of effectively allocating resources for improved EMS service during periods of heightened uncertainty and variability.