Mathematical analysis of polio prevention through vaccination and sanitation: Incorporating incomplete vaccination and virus carrier vectors

Institut Teknologi Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie

^* e-mail: nurrahmi@ith.ac.id

Abstract

Polio, a debilitating disease primarily affecting children under five, persists as a public health challenge despite widespread immunization efforts. Continued outbreaks underscore the impact of incomplete vaccination coverage and environmental vectors in sustaining transmission. This study develops a comprehensive mathematical model to examine polio transmission dynamics, uniquely incorporating partial vaccination and virus-carrying vectors. Through stability analysis, the model identifies conditions under which both endemic and disease-free equilibria are achievable, demonstrating that eradication is feasible when the basic reproduction number is maintained below one. Our numerical simulations emphasize the combined impact of full vaccination coverage and enhanced sanitation in significantly reducing thereby controlling transmission. These findings reinforce the critical role of integrated vaccination and sanitation strategies for long-term polio eradication, offering valuable insights for public health policy and intervention design.